2007年9月25日星期二
2007年6月30日星期六
《城镇绿地规划》结课论文
水保041 041014111 姚宇
似乎每个人提到绿化都很熟悉，数目、鲜花、草坪……至多加一点山石水景之类的东西点缀一番，再以为就是公园中的原理与街道顺向而立的树木、应季摆出的鲜花等，就是绿化的全部了，在上课之前，我也是这么认为的，在城市中种植树木、草坪……然而，当我听过这门课时，我开始审视心里的这个异常熟悉的概念，以往脱口而出的诠释绿化的概念——绿化就是植树，我想：单纯的指数已经不能诠释城镇绿化的概念。应该说，绿化已经同其他方面一样与城市结合在一起，成为空间环境系统的一个元素，只是各种功能区要求绿化的功能也各不相同。
绿化的功能各不相同，根据《城市绿地分类标准》（CJJ/T 85— 2002）将绿地分成5大类，13中类和11小类。5大类分别为公园绿地（G1），生产绿地（G2），防护绿地（G3），附属绿地（G4），其它绿地（G5）。绿地具有休憩、防护、美学、防灾等功能，关系到居民的各个环节。所以在城镇规划过程中，绿地规划是一个必须重视的环节。要知道，城市开辟一定面积的绿地，作用绝不可低估。概括说，它至少有以下几方面的功能：
(1) 绿地和绿树好比城市之“肺”，它可以吸收大量二氧化碳，放出氧气；同时能阻 挡飞扬的灰尘，吸收各种有害 的气体，从而起到过滤、净化空气的作用。
(2) 绿地和绿树的分泌物具有一定的杀菌作用，尤其在消除城市噪音方面功不可没。 据测定，尖杂的噪声传到浓密的大草地，顿时大部分消失；雪松、龙柏和桧柏等树木的 树冠大约能吸收音量的25％，其余75％的音量经过反射也减弱许多，使居民减少烦恼， 感到舒适、轻松。
(3) 城市绿地和绿树通过光合作用，不断吸收减少掉二氧化碳，空气中负离子的数目 便相应得到提高。虽然不可能达到海滨、瀑布和喷泉那样的程度，但是物以稀为贵，哪 怕每立方厘米空气中增加几十个负离子，对城市居民防病健身益寿也是十分有益的。
(4) 大片绿茵茵的草地，配以美丽的花卉图案，使长期室内工作的人在周围散步溜 达，视觉立即为之一亮。据医学研究，绿色可以降低眼压，清澈透明的空气能提高眼睛 对光亮的适应能力，于是不知不觉视力很快得以恢复和提高。
(5) 一块块绿地好比镶嵌在城市里的一颗颗绿色“珍珠”，绿地为城市居民提供大自 然的生活环境，长期生活在绿色幽静环境里的人，心情舒畅、疲劳消除，高血压、神经 衰弱、心脏病等往往会不治而愈。
城镇绿地规划的规划布置原则
(1) 城市的园林绿地是城市自然环境的构成元素，城市绿地系统也是城市生态系统的本底系统。通过绿地的系统规 划与布置，促进人与城市和自然的融合共存，以优化城市社会的生存与发展环境，提高城市营运的机能，保护地域生物多样性，以及维护和保障城市生态机制的良性运作，增强城市的自然性能和可持续发展性能。
(2) 城市绿地的规划布置要构筑城乡一体，并连接区域的关良环境，进行各种功能绿地的合理分布，为城市多样的生活活动提供场所。同时通过绿地与城市其它功能地域的组织，发挥整合化的功能与环境效应。
(3) 城市绿地规划与布置要贯彻以人为本的原则，考虑绿地功用要适应不同人群的需要。同时，绿地的分布要兼顾共享、均衡和就近等原则。
(4) 城市绿地的规划形态，要结合城市绿地用地自然条件分析，因地制宜地使各项功能绿地的分布各得其所。
(5) 城市绿地规划与布置要作为城市景观环境构筑的基本素材、构件和手段，充分利用城市的山水林木等得自然基础，通过绿化、建筑和自然地理特征的有机结合，塑造美学价值的景观，强化城市空间的个性。
绿地规划不能脱离环境的约定：它受尺度的要求，不可能不考虑其他空间的功能作用而单独存在：它受不同空间人的心理的需求，而不能不考虑对人的适应程度；它受地理气候影响，又绝不可以不计算它在四季之间的色彩周期及耐寒能力；它还必须考虑某些空间环境对于“个性化”的呈现而有所选择。而且更应该意识到的是对空间环境缩影担负的责任，随意大量的施以绿化是一种浪费，对于缺乏绿色的空间置之不理更是一种浪费，两种结果都是一样的，严格地说它无异于是对空间环境的犯罪。
绿地等公共空间都必须经过细致科学的绿化种植规划，色彩、纹理、形状、气味、密度和季节变化的多样性及品质等，都极大的强化了环境空间的使用率。居民需要有些令人赏心悦目的东西吸引他们，缓解身心。绿地就是他们心目中城市的“绿洲”。
2007年4月26日星期四
008-television destoryes xommunication
While television has been somewhat harmful in its addiction. It has hardly “destroyed” communication among friends and family, although for some people, the statement that television has destroyed communication among friends and family seems pretty reasonable.
Television, invented in last century, with its wide availability, increasingly prosperous programs, has been turned to be widely spreaded in all over the world and become one of the most powerful means of communication and media in the history. Television is as much a part of our life as meals, work, school; Studies consistently show that the average American children spends as much time watching television as does he or she in school. We chronically see numerous films, continuous soap operas and humorous entertainment. We all have only 24 hours a day and it is clear that the more time we spend on watching television, the less time we do with our friends and family. Therefore, a lot people complain in the web forum that “the television took their girlfriends away”.
So perfect that such claim might be, it’s hardly true. Instead of television, it’s the increasing pressure that took their girlfriends away. Indeed, we have no definite evidence to say that people nowadays endure much more pressure than our counterpart in the past, but it is absolutely that we undergo enormous pressures that come from different aspects, including economy, school, emotion, career and so forth. Surveys demonstrate that someone who has an annual salary of RMB 50000 spends more than 60 hours on work per week, much more than those who earn RMB 20000 annually. Today a bachelor’ s degree may guarantee a decent pay, more and more companies require their applicants must have a master degree, which take them 3 year to obtain.
We find that people have little time for anything; television is just one of many other factors that affect our communication, and is surely not the only reason for degradation. It seems that the more education we get, the more one realizes television’ deleterious effects, and either deliberately avoid it or actually not like it. On the other hand, there really are many people addictive to television. But the fact is, if we don’t have television, we find other way to escape daily reality like gamble and alcoholism. There is a way that people can do what they want to do. Therefore I hardly agree that television has destroyed communication among friends and family.
Television, invented in last century, with its wide availability, increasingly prosperous programs, has been turned to be widely spreaded in all over the world and become one of the most powerful means of communication and media in the history. Television is as much a part of our life as meals, work, school; Studies consistently show that the average American children spends as much time watching television as does he or she in school. We chronically see numerous films, continuous soap operas and humorous entertainment. We all have only 24 hours a day and it is clear that the more time we spend on watching television, the less time we do with our friends and family. Therefore, a lot people complain in the web forum that “the television took their girlfriends away”.
So perfect that such claim might be, it’s hardly true. Instead of television, it’s the increasing pressure that took their girlfriends away. Indeed, we have no definite evidence to say that people nowadays endure much more pressure than our counterpart in the past, but it is absolutely that we undergo enormous pressures that come from different aspects, including economy, school, emotion, career and so forth. Surveys demonstrate that someone who has an annual salary of RMB 50000 spends more than 60 hours on work per week, much more than those who earn RMB 20000 annually. Today a bachelor’ s degree may guarantee a decent pay, more and more companies require their applicants must have a master degree, which take them 3 year to obtain.
We find that people have little time for anything; television is just one of many other factors that affect our communication, and is surely not the only reason for degradation. It seems that the more education we get, the more one realizes television’ deleterious effects, and either deliberately avoid it or actually not like it. On the other hand, there really are many people addictive to television. But the fact is, if we don’t have television, we find other way to escape daily reality like gamble and alcoholism. There is a way that people can do what they want to do. Therefore I hardly agree that television has destroyed communication among friends and family.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)